The provincial Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Strategy from 2008-12 (and then renewed until 2016) began with a focus on diabetes.(1) The strategy had a stated intention to expand beyond diabetes to a broader chronic-disease management approach. However, to determine whether it would be beneficial to evolve diabetes programs into more generalized chronic-disease prevention and management models, there is a need to review evidence that compares the effectiveness of general chronic-disease programs to disease-specific programs.