There are few rigorous impact evaluations of climate change interventions. But some examples in the field of conservation stand out. A number of recent studies evaluate the impact of protected areas, payment for environmental services and decentralized forest management. Climate change interventions have...
A growing evidence base suggests that health insurance in poor areas can improve people?s access to health care. But the poorest in these areas do not seem to benefit much. Health insurance programs, generally, have not helped in reaching out to the poorest or improving their health care use. And whether...
Poor people?s access to good health care is limited because they cannot afford it and often live far from quality services. There is evidence that poor people will pay to use health services if the quality is good. Cash transfers have also been highly successful in encouraging women to use health care. A...
Contaminated water is bad for health, resulting in thousands of premature deaths around the world each year. There is strong evidence that household water treatment has the biggest impact and is the most costeffective method in reducing risks of diarrhoea. But the picture is not as clear when it comes to...
The world is falling behind its targets to improve people’s access to sanitation, with major health costs. There is strong evidence that both sanitation and hygiene interventions are highly effective in reducing risks of diarrhoea, however public health promotion appears more cost-effective. More evide...
Few rigorous impact evaluations are available. While assessments of the broad range of interventions find indoor air pollution is reduced, there is less evidence on how these affect health outcomes and which interventions are most cost-effective....
Existing evidence: School feeding leads to better educational outcomes, though results are more positive for school enrolment and attendance than for cognitive performance....
More than 3.2 million stillbirths occur globally each year, yet stillbirths are largely invisible in global data tracking, policy dialogue and programme implementation. This mismatch of burden to action is due to a number of factors that keep stillbirths hidden, notably a lack of data and a lack of conse...
Gender differences in health and in how well health systems and health care
services meet the needs of women and men are well known: in Europe, there
are variations in terms of life expectancy, the risk of mortality and morbidity,
health behaviours and in the use of health care services. There is also in...
All countries in Europe are experiencing an ageing of their populations, a trend
that is projected to continue until at least the middle of the twenty-first century.
This process is often regarded as a major cause of upward pressure on health
care costs. However, analyses of health care expenditure show ...
