Healthcare provider remuneration mechanisms are one of the key policy levers that decision-makers can harness to influence health-system performance.(1) In Canada, remunerating physicians is the second-largest source of public expenditures accounting for 21% of all health spending in the country.(2) Within the health systems for countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), many physicians continue to be paid through traditional payment mechanisms, including fee-for-service (i.e., where physicians receive a fixed fee for each healthcare service performed), capitation (i.e., where physicians receive a fixed fee for each patient in the roster) and fee-for-time (i.e., where physicians receive a salary/fixed income on a regular basis).(1; 3-5) In Canada, fee-for-service payments accounted for 72% of total clinical payments in 2015, with the remainder consisting of alternative payment plans (i.e., models other than traditional feefor-service)