This document was prepared in the context of a redefinition of the organization and policies of the Human Resources Development Program of the Pan American Health Organization. Its purpose is to determine future lines of action in the area of development of human resources for nursing, based on an analysis of the results of technical cooperation provided to date and of the progress achieved by the countries, taking into account changes in the general context and especially in health systems. In accordance with the terms of reference suggested by the Human Resources Development Program (HSR), preparation of this document drew on an initial proposal drafted by members of the Executive Council of the Latin American Association of Nursing Schools (ALADEFE). They carried out a broad literature review on the labor situation, the labor market, nursing education, and regulation of nursing in the region, and presented a first draft that analyzed the impacts on nursing arising from the context, from reforms, and from the globalization process underway today. They also described key problems, challenges, and actors involved, as well as some strategies for shaping change. (AU)