Pedagogical Preparation for Physicians and their Performance in the Medical Course
Preparação Pedagógica para Médicos e Sua Atuação no Curso de Medicina
Rev. bras. educ. méd; 42 (3), 2018
Publication year: 2018
ABSTRACT Qualifying the medical profile to meet the population's main health needs is a challenge for contemporary medical schools. In this process, the medical professor has a prominent place, since medical teaching practice is based on the production of models considered valid, previously learned, and the experience of medical practice. One questions, thus, the physician's pedagogical aptitude to teach, since the professor-academic relationship occurs differently from the physician-patient relationship, starting from the need to understand which ways professors seek to acquire the teaching-specific skills. Objective To carry out an integrative review on the pedagogical training of physicians in the teaching context. Methods This is a non-observational, descriptive integrative review of the literature. Initially, we searched the databases at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library with the help of the Boolean operator and the following descriptors: Health Human Resource Training; Faculty, Medical and Education, Medical, Continuing. The inclusion criteria were free, complete articles, published from 2012 to 2016, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Results The search resulted in 24 articles those discuss the research theme. After exhaustive reading of the articles found, only five converged and answered the guiding question raised in the initial reflection. Teaching strategies and methodologies, as well as the evaluation of clinical supervision processes to construct the students' technical knowledge appear as important topics on learning and teaching. In addition, these discussions raise professors' need for continuing education programs, as well as the construction of evaluation tools for professors, tutors and preceptors. Conclusions This study highlights the continuous improvement in the professors' pedagogical training and the development of permanent education programs and improvement of the faculty by the school.
RESUMO A formação de um perfil médico resolutivo das principais necessidades de saúde da população é um desafio para as escolas médicas contemporâneas. Nesse processo, o docente médico destaca-se, visto que a prática docente na formação médica se baseia na reprodução de modelos considerados válidos, aprendidos anteriormente, e na experiência prática. Questiona-se, então, a aptidão pedagógica do médico ao exercício docente, uma vez que a relação professor-acadêmico se dá em esferas diferentes da relação médico-paciente, partindo da necessidade de entender quais caminhos os docentes buscam para adquirir habilidades específicas à docência. Objetivo Realizar uma revisão integrativa acerca da formação pedagógica dos médicos no contexto da docência. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, não observacional, descritiva. Inicialmente, buscaram-se estudos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), US National Library of Medicine e National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e na Cochrane Library com auxílio do operador booleano e dos seguintes descritores: Health Human Resource Training; Faculty, Medical e Education, Medical, Continuing.