The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidance for health care workers on
how to support children up to 12 years of age and their caregivers with disclosure of HIV
status. Health care workers (HCWs) know that disclosure decisions are complex because
of stigma, social support concerns, family ...
Conventional light microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smears prepared directly from sputum specimens is the most widely available test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited settings. Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy is highly specific, but its sensitivity is variable (20–80%) and is significa...
Research over the past decade has resulted in the development of two commercial interferongamma release assays (IGRAs), based on the principle that the T-cells of individuals who have acquired TB infection respond to re-stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens by secreting interferon...
Earlier and improved tuberculosis (TB) case detection - including smear-negative disease, often associated with HIV co-infection - as well as expanded capacity to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are global priorities for TB control. Conventional laboratory methods are slow and cumberso...
Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used means for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at health-centre level. Smear microscopy may, however, be costly and inconvenient for patients, who have to make multiple visits to healt...
This report is an addendum to the diagnostic criteria published in the 2006 WHO/IDF report “Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia” , and addresses the use of HbA1c in diagnosing diabetes mellitus. The WHO Consultation concluded that HbA1c can be used as a diag...
This guideline covers diagnosing and treating delirium in people aged 18 and over in hospital and in
long-term residential care or a nursing home. It also covers identifying people at risk of developing
delirium in these settings and preventing onset. It aims to improve diagnosis of delirium and reduce
h...
To improve survival and quality of life among the 2.5 million children living with HIV, a comprehensive package of prevention, care and treatment is required. This package should include management of infections such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and ear infections, as well as common opportunistic inf...
El objetivo de esta GPC es ofrecer recomendaciones desarrolladas de forma sistemática para ayudar a profesionales y a pacientes a tomar decisiones sobre la atención sanitaria más apropiada, y a seleccionar las opciones diagnósticas o terapéuticas mas adecuadas....
This publication summarizes current knowledge on the methods of diagnosing HIV infection in infants and children and sets out recommendations for practice and policy. Recommendations are designed to improve clinical management of the HIV-exposed and ‑infected child, and improve programme efforts at ear...
