In this second supplement (December 2014) to the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, recommendations from two guideline development processes are included: post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV; the use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among adults, adolescents and children. These guidelines provide new recommendations and updates to previous recommendations outlined in Chapter 5 (ARV drugs for HIV prevention) and Chapter 8 (Managing common coinfections and comorbidities) of the 2013 consolidated ARV guidelines, and following the similar structure of the 2013 ARV guidelines, these recommendations are organized along the continuum of care. These guidelines reflect important advances in the use of ARV drugs to prevent HIV with more simplified approaches to post-exposure prophylaxis and simplifying the indications on the use of co-trimoxazole to prevent opportunistic infections, bacterial infections and malaria.