HIV is a chronic viral infection that damages the immune system. HIV can be contracted during sexual intercourse or through direct contact with the blood of an infected person (including sharing syringes). The virus can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding (1). The main risk groups for HIV infection are people who inject drugs (IDUs), people involved in prostitution and men who have sex with men (MSM). Heterosexual transmission must also be considered, and many infected people do not belong to any of the usual risk groups (2). Today, it is not possible to cure HIV, the infected person will always be a carrier of the virus, but it is possible to slow down the reproduction of the virus in the body with medicines. Combined antiretroviral therapy (ARV therapy) consisting of different active agents is used. With good treatment compliance, the number of virus copies in a person's blood cannot be determined and they are not infectious to others (treatment = prevention). Since it is not possible to get rid of the virus, it is important to avoid becoming infected with HIV. A pharmacological option for this is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs, where people at high risk of infection take ARV drugs to prevent infection, have also been successful in recent years.