Earlier and improved tuberculosis (TB) case detection - including smear-negative disease, often associated with HIV co-infection - as well as expanded capacity to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are global priorities for TB control. Conventional laboratory methods are slow and cumberso...
To improve survival and quality of life among the 2.5 million children living with HIV, a comprehensive package of prevention, care and treatment is required. This package should include management of infections such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and ear infections, as well as common opportunistic inf...
HIV-infected infants frequently present with clinical symptoms in the first year of life. Without effective treatment, an estimated one third of infected infants will have died by one year of age, and about half will have died by two years of age. These treatment guidelines serve as a framework for selec...
For the first time, the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is now considered a realistic public health goal and an important part of the campaign to achieve the millennium development goals. The 2010 revised PMTCT recommendations are based on two key approaches; lifelong ART for HI...
WHO guidelines for ART for HIV infection in adults and adolescents were originally published in 2002, and were revised in 2003 and 2006. New evidence has emerged on when to initiate ART, optimal ART regimens, the management of HIV coinfection with tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis, and the managem...
This publication summarizes current knowledge on the methods of diagnosing HIV infection in infants and children and sets out recommendations for practice and policy. Recommendations are designed to improve clinical management of the HIV-exposed and ‑infected child, and improve programme efforts at ear...
Significant programmatic experience and research evidence regarding HIV and infant
feeding have accumulated since recommendations on infant feeding in the context of
HIV were last revised in 2006. In particular, evidence has been reported that antiretroviral (ARV) interventions to either the HIV-infected...
The World Health Organization (WHO) first published guidance for national
tuberculosis control programmes on managing tuberculosis in children (hereafter
called “the Guidance”) in 2006. The Guidance follows the principles of a public
health approach aimed at optimizing outcomes, including the quality...
HIV infection can impair the nutritional status of infected children from early in life. Growth faltering and reduction in length and height often occurs even before opportunistic infections or other symptoms in almost all infected children. The content of these guidelines acknowledges that wasting and ...
